Kebiasaan minum teh panas dan kanker esofagus

Bagi penggemar minuman bersuhu tinggi sebaiknya berhati2 karena suhu tinggi berhubungan dengan timbulnya kanker esofagus.

Hal ini dibuktikan dalam penelitian di Iran. Minum teh panas berisiko 2 kali sedangkan minum teh sangat panas berisiko 8 kali terjadinya kanker esofagus. Minum teh lebih 2-3 menit setelah dituang berisiko 2,5 kali. Minum teh kurang 2 menit setelah dituang berisiko 5,5 kali.

 

Tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern Iran: population based case-control study

Farhad Islami, research fellow^1,2,3, Akram Pourshams, associate professor¹, Dariush Nasrollahzadeh, PhD student^1,4, Farin Kamangar, research fellow⁵, Saman Fahimi, PhD student^1,6, Ramin Shakeri, research fellow¹, Behnoush Abedi-Ardekani, pathologist¹, Shahin Merat, associate professor¹, Homayoon Vahedi, associate professor¹, Shahryar Semnani, associate professor and director⁷, Christian C Abnet, investigator⁵, Paul Brennan, group head², Henrik Møller, professor and director³, Farrokh Saidi, professor¹, Sanford M Dawsey, senior investigator⁵, Reza Malekzadeh, professor and director¹, Paolo Boffetta, group head and cluster coordinator²

¹ Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14117 Tehran, Iran, ² International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, ³ King's College London, Thames Cancer Registry, London, ⁴ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, ⁵ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA, ⁶ Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, ⁷ Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

Objective To investigate the association between tea drinking habits in Golestan province, northern Iran, and risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Design Population based case-control study. In addition, patterns of tea drinking and temperature at which tea was drunk were measured among healthy participants in a cohort study.

Setting Golestan province, northern Iran, an area with a high incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Participants 300 histologically proved cases of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 571 matched neighbourhood controls in the case-control study and 48 582 participants in the cohort study.

Main outcome measure Odds ratio of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with drinking hot tea.

Results Nearly all (98%) of the cohort participants drank black tea regularly, with a mean volume consumed of over one litre a day. 39.0% of participants drank their tea at temperatures less than 60°C, 38.9% at 60-64°C, and 22.0% at 65°C or higher. A moderate agreement was found between reported tea drinking temperature and actual temperature measurements (weighted 0.49). The results of the case-control study showed that compared with drinking lukewarm or warm tea, drinking hot tea (odds ratio 2.07, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 3.35) or very hot tea (8.16, 3.93 to 16.9) was associated with an increased risk of oesophageal cancer. Likewise, compared with drinking tea four or more minutes after being poured, drinking tea 2-3 minutes after pouring (2.49, 1.62 to 3.83) or less than two minutes after pouring (5.41, 2.63 to 11.1) was associated with a significantly increased risk. A strong agreement was found between responses to the questions on temperature at which tea was drunk and interval from tea being poured to being drunk (weighted 0.68).

Conclusion Drinking hot tea, a habit common in Golestan province, was strongly associated with a higher risk of oesophageal cancer.

Asupan daging menyebabkan gangguan mata

Penyakit mata degenerasi retina yang disebut age-related macular degeneration (disingkat AMD) merupakan penyebab kebutaan utama pada orang tua.

AMD berhubungan dengan pola diet seseorang.

 

Untuk membuktikan hubungan ini, peneliti melakukan studi kohort terhadap 6.734 orang berusia 58-69 tahun, pada tahun 1990 sampai 1994 di Melbourne, Australia.

 

Pada follow-up tahun 2003 sampai 2006 dilakukan pemeriksaan retina, ditemukan 1680 kasus AMD awal dan 77 kasus AMD lanjut.

 

Hasil analisis odd ratio mendapatkan asupan daging merah lebih tinggi berhubungan signifikan dengan terjadinya AMD pada usia lebih muda.

Konsumsi daging merah 10 kali per minggu berisiko 1,47 kali lebih besar dibanding konsumsi daging merah kurang 5 kali per minggu.

Sebaliknya konsumsi daging ayam 3,5 kali per minggu berisiko 0,43 kali lebih kecil dibanding konsumsi daging ayam kurang 1,5 kali per minggu.

 

Kesimpulan jenis daging berpengaruh terhadap risiko AMD sehingga memungkinkan dilakukan modifikasi life-style 

 

 

Abstrak

American Journal of Epidemiology published online on February 20, 2009 (doi:10.1093/aje/kwn393) © The Author 2009
Red Meat and Chicken Consumption and Its Association With Age-related Macular Degeneration. Elaine W-T Chong, Julie A. Simpson, Luibov D. Robman et al.

Diet Mediterranean memperbaiki sindroma metabolik

Penelitian ini membandingkan efek diet Mediterrania (MedDiet) terhadap diet rendah lemak untuk penderita sindroma metabolik.

Penelitian diikuti lebih dari 1200 partisipan dari multisenter, dengan desain 3-arm randomized clinical trial. Partisipan adalah orang tua yang berisiko menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler.

 

Diet yang diberikan adalah 1)MedDiet + 1 L/minggu virgin olive oil (MedDiet+VOO) ; 2) Med Diet + 30 g/hari kacang2an (MedDiet+nuts) dan 3) diet rendah lemak (grup kontrol). Diet adalah ad libitum (tidak ada pembatasan kalori), dan tidak ada peningkatan aktivitas partisipan (tidak dianjurkan exercise).

 

Pada baseline 61,4% partisipan adalah penderita sindroma metabolik. Setelah 1 tahun menjalani diet maka prevalensi sindroma metabolik menurun.

Untuk MedDiet+VOO turun 6,7% P  = .18; untuk MedDiet+nuts turun 13,7% P = .01; untuk diet rendah lemak turun 2%.

Odd rasio untuk reversion sindroma metabolik adalah 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1) untuk grup MedDiet+VOO. Sedangkan untuk grup MedDiet+nuts adalah 1.7 (1.1-2.6) dibanding grup kontrol.

 

Kesimpulan diet mediterrania ditambah kacang2an bermanfaat dalam manajemen sindroma metabolik.

 

Abstract

 

Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Nuts on Metabolic Syndrome Status

One-Year Results of the PREDIMED Randomized Trial

Jordi Salas-Salvadó, MD, PhD; Joan Fernández-Ballart, MD, PhD; Emilio Ros, MD, PhD; Miguel-Angel Martínez-González, MD, PhD; Montserrat Fitó, MD, PhD; Ramon Estruch, MD, PhD; Dolores Corella, DPharm, PhD; Miquel Fiol, MD, PhD; Enrique Gómez-Gracia, MD, PhD; Fernando Arós, MD, PhD; Gemma Flores, MD; José Lapetra, MD, PhD; Rosa Lamuela-Raventós, DPharm, PhD; Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez, DPharm, PhD; Mònica Bulló, PhD; Josep Basora, MD; María-Isabel Covas, DPharm, PhD; for the PREDIMED Study Investigators

Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(22):2449-2458.

Background  Epidemiological studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We compared the 1-year effect of 2 behavioral interventions to implement the MedDiet vs advice on a low-fat diet on MetS status.

Methods  A total of 1224 participants were recruited from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Study, a multicenter, 3-arm, randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the MedDiet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants were older subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Interventions were quarterly education about the MedDiet plus provision of either 1 L/wk of virgin olive oil (MedDiet + VOO) or 30 g/d of mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), and advice on a low-fat diet (control diet). All diets were ad libitum, and there was no increase in physical activity for any of the interventions. Lifestyle variables and MetS features as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were assessed.

Results  At baseline, 61.4% of participants met criteria for the MetS. One-year prevalence was reduced by 6.7%, 13.7%, and 2.0% in the MedDiet + VOO, MedDiet + nuts, and control diet groups, respectively (MedDiet + nuts vs control groups, P = .01; MedDiet + VOO vs control group, P  = .18). Incident rates of the MetS were not significantly different among groups (22.9%, 17.9%, and 23.4%, respectively). After adjustment for sex, age, baseline obesity status, and weight changes, the odds ratios for reversion of MetS were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1) for the MedDiet + VOO group and 1.7 (1.1-2.6) for the MedDiet + nuts group compared with the control diet group.

Conclusion  A traditional MedDiet enriched with nuts could be a useful tool in the management of the MetS.