Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Asupan sayuran bardaun hijau dapat menurunkan risiko diabetes tipe 2 sebesar 14%

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BMJ 2010; 341:c4229

Research

Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis
Patrice Carter, research nutritionist1, Laura J Gray, research associate in medical statistics2, Jacqui Troughton, senior research associate3,Kamlesh Khunti, professor of primary care diabetes and vascular medicine2,Melanie J Davies, professor of diabetes medicine1

Abstract
Objective To investigate the independent effects of intake of fruit and vegetables on incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, British Nursing Index (BNI), and the Cochrane library were searched for medical subject headings and keywords on diabetes, prediabetes, fruit, and vegetables. Expert opinions were sought and reference lists of relevant articles checked.
Study selection Prospective cohort studies with an independent measure of intake of fruit, vegetables, or fruit and vegetables and data on incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria; four of these studies also provided separate information on the consumption of green leafy vegetables. Summary estimates showed that greater intake of green leafy vegetables was associated with a 14% (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.97) reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes (P=0.01). The summary estimates showed no significant benefits of increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruit, or fruit and vegetables combined.
Conclusion Increasing daily intake of green leafy vegetables could significantly reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and should be investigated further.

Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm delivery

Minuman mengandung pemanis (artifisial) meningkatkan risiko kelahiran prematur.

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Am J Clin Nutr 92: 626-633, 2010. First published June 30, 2010; doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28968
Vol. 92, No. 3, 626-633, September 2010

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks and risk of preterm delivery: a prospective cohort study in 59,334 Danish pregnant women

Thorhallur I Halldorsson, Marin Strøm, Sesilje B Petersen and Sjurdur F Olsen

Background: Sugar-sweetened soft drinks have been linked to a number of adverse health outcomes such as high weight gain. Therefore, artificially sweetened soft drinks are often promoted as an alternative. However, the safety of artificial sweeteners has been disputed, and consequences of high intakes of artificial sweeteners for pregnant women have been minimally addressed.
Objective: We examined the association between intakes of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks and preterm delivery.
Design: We conducted prospective cohort analyses of 59,334 women from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002). Soft drink intake was assessed in midpregnancy by using a food-frequency questionnaire. Preterm delivery ( lt 37 wk) was the primary outcome measure. Covariate information was assessed by telephone interviews.
Results: There was an association between intake of artificially sweetened carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and an increased risk of preterm delivery (P for trend: le 0.001, both variables). In comparison with women with no intake of artificially sweetened carbonated soft drinks, the adjusted odds ratio for women who consumed ge 1 serving of artificially sweetened carbonated soft drinks/d was 1.38 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.65). The corresponding odds ratio for women who consumed ge 4 servings of artificially sweetened carbonated soft drinks/d was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.66). The association was observed for normal-weight and overweight women. A stronger increase in risk was observed for early preterm and moderately preterm delivery than with late-preterm delivery. No association was observed for sugar-sweetened carbonated soft drinks (P for trend: 0.29) or for sugar-sweetened noncarbonated soft drinks (P for trend: 0.93).
Conclusions: Daily intake of artificially sweetened soft drinks may increase the risk of preterm delivery. Further studies are needed to reject or confirm these findings.

Obesity in Early Adulthood as a Risk Factor for Psoriatic Arthritis

Obesitas merupakan faktor risiko psoriasis, demikian juga untuk artritis psoriasis.

Kelebihan lemak berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar sitokin inflamasi. Peningkatan sitokin inflamasi berhubungan dengan psoriasis.

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Obesity in Early Adulthood as a Risk Factor for Psoriatic Arthritis
Razieh Soltani-Arabshahi, MD; Bob Wong, PhD; Bing-Jian Feng, PhD; David E. Goldgar, PhD; Kristina Callis Duffin, MD;Gerald G. Krueger, MD

Arch Dermatol. 2010;146(7):721-726. doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.141
Objective  To study whether obesity increases the risk of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), given that obesity is a risk factor for psoriasis and is associated with more severe disease.
Design  Case series. We used Cox regression analysis to study the relationship between obesity and PsA while controlling for age at psoriasis onset, current body mass index (BMI), sex, family history of psoriasis, worst-ever body surface area (BSA) involvement, Koebner phenomenon, and nail involvement.
Setting  Dermatology clinics at the University of Utah School of Medicine.
Patients  Volunteer sample of patients with dermatologist-diagnosed psoriasis enrolled in the Utah Psoriasis Initiative from November 2002 to October 2008 (943 subjects; 50.2% women, 49.8% men).
Main Outcome Measures  Physician diagnosis of PsA from self-report questionnaire.
Results  In our subjects, we found that BMI at age 18 years was predictive of PsA (odds ratio [OR], 1.06) (P < .01)over and above control variables. Other variables that were predictors of PsA included younger age at psoriasis onset (odds ratio [OR], 0.98) (P < .01), female sex (OR, 1.45) (P = .01), higher worst-ever BSA involvement with psoriasis (OR, 1.01) (P = .04), Koebner phenomenon (OR, 1.59) (P < .01), and nail involvement (OR, 1.76) (P < .01). Current BMI and family history of psoriasis were not significant predictors of PsA.
Conclusions  This study suggests that obesity at age 18 years increases the risk of developing PsA. Adiposity is associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines known to be associated with psoriasis. This inflammatory milieu could increase the risk of PsA in predisposed subjects. Prevention and early treatment of obesity may decrease the risk of PsA.