Konsumsi alkohol memperkecil volume otak

Konsumsi alkohol terrbukti menurunkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler. Pengaruhnya pada otak belum diketahui.

 

Adakah hubungan konsumsi alkohol terhadap volume otak? Subyek penelitian sebanyak 1.839 orang dan diteliti selama 2 tahun.

 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan linier negatif antara konsumsi alkohol dan volume otak. Artinya semakin besar konsumsi alkohol maaka semakin berkurang volume otak.

 

Carol Ann Paul, MS; Rhoda Au, PhD; Lisa Fredman, PhD; Joseph M. Massaro, PhD; Sudha Seshadri, MD; Charles DeCarli, MD; Philip A. Wolf, MD

Arch Neurol. 2008;65(10):1363-1367.

Background  While adults who drink low to moderate amounts of alcohol have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than other adults, the effect of alcohol on the brain is less clear. There is evidence that drinking large amounts of alcohol is related to brain atrophy. It is uncertain what the effects of low to moderate consumption might be.

Objective  To determine whether consumption of smaller amounts of alcohol negatively affects brain volume or is protective in reducing the well-documented age-related decline in brain volume.

Design  Total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) was computed, correcting for head size. Multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between 5 categories of alcohol consumption (abstainers, former drinkers, low, moderate, high) and TCBV, adjusting for age, sex, education, height, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile. Pairwise comparisons were also conducted between the alcohol consumption groups.

Participants  A total of 1839 subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study who had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain between 1999 and 2001.

Results  Most participants reported low alcohol consumption, and men were more likely than women to be moderate or heavy drinkers. There was a significant negative linear relationship between alcohol consumption and TCBV (r = –0.25; P < .001). This relationship was modified by sex, with alcohol consumption having a stronger association with TCBV in women than in men (r = –0.29 vs –0.20).

Conclusions  In contrast to studies on cardiovascular disease, this study found that moderate alcohol consumption was not protective against normal age-related differences in total brain volume. Rather, the more alcohol consumed, the smaller the total brain volume.

Operasi bariatrik di Australia

Dalam 17 tahun terakhir terjadi peningkatan 20 kali insiden operasi bariatrik (operasi untuk mengatasi obesitas). 5 years survival rate sesuai dengan populasi umum. 30-day postoperative mortalitas rendah (0.07%) dan <10% pasien mengalami komplikasi. Prosedur gastric reduction lebih aman dibanding prosedur bypass-type.

MJA 18 August 2008; 189 (4): 198-202 © The Medical Journal of Australia 2008
Incidence of bariatric surgery and postoperative outcomes: a population-based analysis in Western Australia. Fiona J Smith, C D'Arcy J Holman, Rachael E Moorin and David R Fletcher. Correspondence to: Fiona J Smith

 

Objective:

To investigate the incidence of bariatric surgery and postoperative outcomes in a population-based cohort of patients in Western Australia over a 17-year period.

Design and setting:

A population-based incidence study of all bariatric procedures (n = 1403) performed in WA hospitals over the period 1988–2004, based on hospital morbidity and death data from the WA Data Linkage System.

Main outcome measures:

Changes in incidence of bariatric procedures over time; mortality and complications within 30 days after surgery; survival rates after surgery relative to age-, sex-, and period-matched survival rates in the general population; factors predictive of re-admission to hospital.

Results:

The incidence of bariatric surgery increased from 1.2 procedures per 100 000 person-years in 1988 to 24.2 procedures per 100 000 person-years in 2004. Although some of this was ascribed to a rising prevalence of obesity generally, there was a 13-fold increase in the bariatric procedure rate within the obese population itself. At 5 years, the relative survival rate in bariatric patients was the same as the survival rate in the general population. Within the 30-day postoperative period, mortality was low (0.07%) and 9.6% of patients experienced complications. Those who had bypass-type procedures were more likely to be re-admitted within 30 days than those who had gastric reduction procedures (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.80 [95% CI, 3.42–9.84]).

Conclusion:

The use of bariatric surgery increased 20-fold over the study period. Relative survival after surgery was in line with population norms. The observed low mortality rates and moderate level of complications are similar to findings in other studies in which the proportion of reduction procedures has been high.

Manfaat teh hijau untuk diabetesi

Penelitian tentang efek teh hijau dilakukan pada 60 orang berusia 32-73 tahun, yang kadar gula darah puasa >110mg/dL atau gula darah sewaktu >140mg/dL. Subyek dibagi 2 kelompok, kelompok pertama mendapat teh hijau (green tea-extract powder mengandung 544 mg polyphenols (456 mg catechins) setiap hari selama 2 bulan kemudian dihentikan dan diamati selama 2 bulan, kelompok kedua diamati selama 2 bulan kemudian mendapat teh hijau selama 2 bulan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan signifikan kadar HbA1c dan penurunan tekanan darah diastolik. Kesimpulan untuk pra-diabetesi, minum teh hijau setiap hari dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah.

Original Article

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 953–960;

Randomized controlled trial for an effect of green tea-extract powder supplementation on glucose abnormalities

Y Fukino¹, A Ikeda², K Maruyama^1,2, N Aoki³, T Okubo⁴ and H Iso²

1. ¹Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Japan
2. ²Public Health, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
3. ³Department of Public Health, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu-shi, Japan
4. ⁴Central Research Laboratories, Taiyou Kagaku Co. Ltd., Yokkaichi, Mie, Japan

Correspondence: Dr Y Fukino, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka-shi 422-8526, Japan. E-mail: fukino@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp

Objective:

We examined whether green tea-extract powder supplementation improves glucose abnormality.

Methods:

The study was conducted for volunteers who resided in eastern communities of Shizuoka Prefecture and who had fasting blood glucose levels of 6.1 mmol/l or nonfasting blood glucose levels of 7.8 mmol/l in a recent health check-up. Sixty subjects aged 32–73 years (49 males and 11 females) participated in the trial. The Early intervention group consumed a packet of green tea-extract powder containing 544 mg polyphenols (456 mg catechins) daily for the first 2 months and then entered the 2-month nonintervention period. The Later intervention group was observed for the first 2 months and then consumed green tea-extract powder as described above for the subsequent 2 months. Using the two-period crossover design, we analyzed the changes in fasting hemoglobin A1c level and other biomarkers in blood samples collected at baseline, 2 months and 4 months.

Results:

A significant reduction in hemoglobin A1c level and a borderline significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure were associated with the intervention. The intervention caused no significant changes in weight, body mass index, body fat, systolic blood pressure, fasting serum glucose level, homeostasis model assessment index, serum lipid level or hypersensitive C-reactive protein.

Conclusion:

Daily supplementary intake of green tea-extract powder lowered the hemoglobin A1c level in individuals with borderline diabetes.